Chapter 18: Pollution of Air and Water

     Science

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                  Chapter 18: Pollution of Air and Water

              Class: VIII

                   Exemplar Solutions

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Question 1

 Air is a mixture of various gases. One of the gases is 21% part of the air and is essential for the survival of human beings. This gas is

(a) nitrogen                     (c) ozone

 (b) oxygen                      (d) argon

Answer 1 (b)
                  

Question 2

Which of the following is not a source of air pollution?

 (a) automobile exhaust   (c) windmill

 (b) burning of firewood   (d) power plant

Answer 2 (c)

Question 3

Boojho wishes to contribute in reducing air pollution. Which vehicle should he use for going to school?

(a) car                             (c) autorickshaw

(b) school bus                 (d) scooter

Answer 3 (b)

Question 4

 Which of the following is not a way to conserve water?

 (a) replace          (c) reuse

 (b) reduce           (d) recycle

Answer 4 (a)

Question 5

 The type of pollution which is likely to affect Taj Mahal in Agra to a greater extent is

 (a) air pollution           (c) soil pollution

(b) water pollution       (d) noise pollution

Answer 5 (a)

Question 6

 Incomplete combustion of fuel such as petrol and diesel gives

 (a) nitrogen oxide             (c) carbon monoxide

 (b) sulphur dioxide           (d) carbon dioxide

Answer 6 (c)

Question 7

 The phenomenon of marble cancer is due to

(a) soot particles          (c) fog

(b) CFCs                      (d) acid rain

Answer 7 (d)

Question 8

 Potable water is the water which is

(a) obtained from a river.      (c) pure and fit for drinking.

(b) obtained from a lake.       (d) used only for washing clothes.

Answer 8 (c)

Question  9

 Which of the following procedures will give you water free from all impurities?

(a) adding chlorine tablets     (c) boiling

(b) distillation                          (d) filtration

Answer 9 (b)

Question 10

 A pond contains clean water. Which of the following activities will produce least pollution of water?

(a) washing clothes in the pond

 (b) animals bathing in the pond

 (c) washing motor vehicles in the pond

(d) swimming in the pond.

Answer 10 (d)

Question  11

 Trees help in reducing the pollution of our environment. Lakhs of trees are planted by people in the month of July every year. The occasion is called

(a) forest Conservation Day         (c) Van Mahotsav

(b) plantation month                     (d) wildlife week

Answer 11 (c)

Question 12

 Which of the following is not a green house gas?

(a) nitrogen gas                            (c) methane gas

(b) water vapour                           (d) carbon dioxide

Answer 12 (a)

 

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 13

 Name the chemicals which are used in refrigerators and air conditioners and damage ozone layer when released in air.

Answer 13

Chlorofluorocarbons.

 

 Question 14

 Name any two sources which cause air pollution due to suspended particulate matter.

Answer 14

• Combustion of fuel
• Industrial activities

Question 15

 Name two gases which are mainly responsible for acid rain?

Answer 15

• sulphur dioxide
• nitrogen dioxide

 

Question 16

 The quality of air at various locations is monitored regularly by government and other agencies? In what way can you use these data?

Answer 16

These data can be used to generate awareness about air pollution among people.

Question 17

 Combustion of fossil fuels generates a lot of air pollution. Can you suggest any two alternative sources of energy which do not cause any pollution?

Answer 17

Solar energy and wind energy.

Question 18

 Name any two water pollutants which are toxic for plants and animals.

Answer 18

Lead, arsenic, fluorides (any two)

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 19

 A lot of dry leaves are collected in a school garden and are burnt every day. Do you think that it is right to do so? If not, what should be done to dispose off the dry leaves?

Answer 19

It is not right to burn dry leaves as it causes air pollution. The right way to dispose off the dry leaves is to convert them into compost.

Question 20

 The level of air pollution is higher at a busy traffic intersection. Why?

Answer 20

A large number of automobiles stop for a short period at red light through out the day and release a large quantity of gases which create air pollution.

Question 21

 Fill in the blanks with the help of words given in bracket after each sentence.

(a) When air is contaminated by ________ substances which have a ________ effect on both the ________ and ________, it is referred to as ________. (air pollution, harmful, living, unwanted, non-living, pollutants).

 (b) Many ________ are responsible for causing ________ pollution. Petroleum ________ are a major source of ________ pollutants like ________ and ________. (sulphur dioxide, refineries, industries, nitrogen dioxide, gaseous, liquid, people, air).

(c) While ________ your teeth, leaving the ________ running may waste several ________ of water. (tap, litres, brushing, washing, drops)

(d) Water which is suitable for _________ is called ________ water. (washing, bathing, drinking, potable, soft).

(e) Water which looks clean still has disease carrying ________ and ________ impurities. (insects, microorganism, particles, dissolved, harmful).

Answer 21

(a) unwanted, harmful, living, non-living, air pollution.

(b) industries, air, refineries, gaseous, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide.

(c) brushing, tap, litres

(d) drinking, potable

 (e) microorganisms, dissolved.

Question  22

 Match the items of Column A with those of Column B.

Column A	Column B
(a) sulphur dioxide  (b) carbon dioxide  (c) carbon monoxide (d) chlorofluorocarbons	(i) damage ozone layer (ii) reduces oxygencarrying capacity of blood (iii) acid rain. (iv) green house gas

Answer 22

(a)–(iii), (b)–(iv), (c)–(ii), (d)–(i)

Question 23

Find out the wrong statements and write them in their correct form.

(a) We can survive for some time without air but we cannot survive even for a few minutes without food.

(b) A brick kiln emits lot of smoke and other harmful gases causing air pollution.

(c) Carbon monoxide is produced by complete burning of fuels such as coal, petrol, diesel.

(d) Chlorination is a commonly used chemical method for killing germs in water.

 (e) Water which is suitable for drinking is called soft water.        

Answer 23

Statements (b) and (d) are correct statements. The correct form of statements (a), (c) and (e) are as follows

(a) We can survive for some time without food but we cannot survive even for a few minutes without air.

(c) Carbon monoxide is produced by incomplete burning of fuels such as coal, petrol, diesel.

 (e) Water which is suitable for drinking is called potable water.

Question 24

 In the following statements, the underlined words are jumbled up. Write them in their correct form. (a) Air contains 78% ginroten and 21% gonexy.

(b) Vehicles produce high level of pollutants like carbon dioxide, nitrogen oxides, nobrac moondexi and mosek.

 (c) Carbon dioxide, thaneme, nitrous oxide and water vapour are known as heengrouse sesga.

(d) Gangotri glacier in Himalaya has started melting because of lablog ringwam.

 (e) Whenever harmful substances such as wagese, toxic chemicals, silt, etc. get mixed with water, the water becomes potdulle.

Answer 24

(a) nitrogen, oxygen

(b) carbon monoxide, smoke

 (c) Methane, greenhouse gases

(d) global warming

(e) sewage, polluted

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 25

 What do CFCs stand for? Name some devices where CFCs are used. Why CFCs are considered as pollutants?

Answer 25

Hint:

– CFCs stand for chlorofluorocarbons.

– Refrigerators, air conditioners  etc.

 – Damage the ozone layer of the atmosphere.

Question 26

 Why is it advised that industries should switch over to cleaner fuels such as CNG and LPG in the Taj Mahal Zone in Agra?

Answer 26

Hint: Pollutants in air are discolouring white marble of Taj Mahal. The pollutants like sulphur dioxide and nitrogen dioxide react with the water vapour present in the atmosphere to form sulphuric acid and nitric acid respectively.

Question 27

 It is said, "CO2 contributes to global warming." Explain.

Answer 27

Hint: CO2 takes heat and does not allow it to escape into space. As a result, the average temperature of the earth’s atmosphere is gradually increasing.

Question 28

We should plant trees and nurture the ones already present in the neighbourhood. Why?

Answer 28

Hint:

– To reduce air pollution.

– To control global warming.

 Question 29

 Explain the traditional way of purifying water to make it fit for drinking.

Answer 29

Hint:

1. Filtration
2. Boiling
3. By adding chlorine tablets

 Question 30

 How can we reduce, reuse and recycle water?

Answer 30

Hint:

Reduce – While brushing your teeth, bathing etc.. we should not keep our taps on.

Reuse – Water used for washing vegetables, rice etc. can be used for gardening.

Recycle – Dirty water can be recycled after purification.

Question 31

 Read the paragraph and answer the questions following it.

 Water is essential for life. Without water there would be no life. We usually take water as granted for its purity, but we must ensure the quality of water. Pollution of water originates from human activities. Through different paths, pollution reaches to ground water. Easily identified source or place of pollution is called as point source, e.g.– municipal and industrial discharge pipes, where pollutants enter the water source. Non–point sources of pollution are those where a source of pollution can not be easily identified, e.g.– agricultural run off, acid rain etc.

(i) How do you classify the various sources of water pollution?

(ii) What are the point sources of water pollution?

 (iii) Name any two non-point sources of water pollution?

Answer 31

• (a) point sources (b) non–print sources.
• Easily identified source or place of pollution is called point source e.g. municipal, industrial discharge pipe etc.
• Agricultural run off, acid rain.

 

Question 32

 Complete the crossword puzzle with the help of clues given below:

Across	Down
1. Pollutant which was used and air us from harmful conditioners. (18) 3. Produced on incomplete combustion of fuels. (14) 6. This chemical protects our crops and is washed into water bodies from the field. (9)	2. This layer protects us from harmful ultraviolet rays. (5) 4. It is essential for combustion. (6) 5. Disease which is caused by drinking contaminated water. (7) 7. River which is famous in India and sustains most of the northern,  central and eastern Indian population. (5)

Answer 32