Chapter 1: Crop Production and Management

Science

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Class: VIII

Exemplar Solutions

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Question 1. Which one of the following condition is not essential to grow maize?

(a) High temperature (c) Low temperature

(b) Humidity (d) Rainfall

Answer 1 (c)

Question 2. Propagation of ginger is generally done using

(a) seed (c) root

(b) stem (rhizome) (d) leaf

Answer 2 (b)

Question 3. Which of the following statement is not true for organic manure?

(a) It enhances water holding capacity of soil.

(b) It has a balance of all plant nutrients.

(d) It improves texture of soil.

Answer 3 (b)

Question 4. The term used for the process of separation of grains from chaff is

(a) sieving (c) winnowing

(b) threshing (d) hand picking

Answer 4 (c)

Question 5. Read the statements given below.

(i) Seeds require moisture for germination.

(ii) Plants can absorb nutrients mostly in dissolved form.

(iii) Irrigation protects crops from both frost and hot air currents.

(iv) Irrigation improves soil texture.

Choose the combination of statements which indicate the need to irrigate crops.

(a) i and ii (b) i, ii, iii

Answer 5 (a)

Question 6. Which of the following tools would a farmer use to remove weeds from the field?

(a) Hoe (c) Axe

(b) Plough (d) Cultivator

Answer 6 (a)

Question 7. Which of the following is not true for fertilisers?

(a) They increase the yield.

(b) Their excessive use disturbs the balance of nutrients in soil.

(d) They are environment friendly.

Answer 7 (d)

Question 8. Given below are statements about the harmful effects of weeds on crop plants.

(i) They interfere in harvesting.

(ii) They help crop plants to grow healthily.

(iii) They compete with crop plants for water, nutrients, space and light.

(iv) They affect plant growth.

Choose the correct combination of statements.

(a) i, iii, iv (c) iii, iv

(b) iii only (d) i, ii, iii, iv

Answer 8 (a)

Question 9. The process of loosening and turning of soil is called

(a) irrigation and manuring (c) tilling and ploughing

(b) digging and winnowing (d) harvesting and storage

Answer 9 (c)

Question 10. The monsoon season in our country is during the months

(a) April to December (c) November to March

(b) June to September (d) January to May

Answer 10 (b)

Question 11. The system of irrigation where in water is supplied drop by drop near the roots of plants, is called

(a) pulley system (c) sprinkler system

(b) drip system (d) lever system

Answer 11 (b)

VERY SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 12. Pick out the odd one from the following words given in the box and give reason for it.

Plough, Seed Drill, Hoe, Chain Pump, Sickle

Answer 12

Seed drill, because it is a modern agricultural implement. All others are traditional tools.

Question 13. If you are given a dry piece of land for cultivation what will you do before sowing the seeds?

Answer 13

The field will be watered, tilled and ploughed before sowing the seeds.

Question 14. State whether the following statements are True or False.

Correct the false statements.

Using good quality seed is the only criterion to get high yield.
Growing different crops in different seasons in the same field will deplete the soil of nutrients.
All crop plants are sown as seeds in the field.
Cells of root nodules of leguminous plants fix nitrogen.
Freshly harvested grains must be dried before storing.

Answer 14

(i) False: Apart from good quality seeds, using appropriate agricultural practices are important for getting higher yield.

(ii) False: It actually enriches the soil.

(iii) False: Some crop plants need transplantation.

(iv) False: Rhizobium (bacteria) present in the cells of root nodules of leguminous, plants fix nitrogen.

(v)True.

Question 15. During which months do farmers grow mustard in India?

Answer 15

From October to March

Question 16. Which activity of the farmer can promote growth of earthworms and microbes in the field?

Answer 16

Loosening the soil/maintaining high moisture levels in soil can promote growth of earthworms and microbes in the field.

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 17. Beera, wants to practice crop rotation in his field. Suggest a Rabi crop and a Kharif crop which will replenish his field with nitrogen. Which crop replenishes nitrogen and why?

Answer 17

Kharif : Rice or Soyabean, Rabi : Pea or Wheat.

Pea/Soyabean are legumes that will fix nitrogen with the help of Rhizobium.

Question 18. Match the agricultural implements given in Column A with their use given in Column B.

Column A Column B

(i) Sickle (a) Ploughing

(ii) Hoe (b) Sowing

(iii) Seed Drill (c) Harvesting

(iv) Sprinkler (d) Irrigation

(i)___; (ii)___; (iii)___; (iv)___

Answer 18

(i)-c; (ii)-a; (iii)-b; (iv)-d

Question 19. What are organic foods?

Answer 19

Organic crops are the crops that are cultivated without using any chemicals like fertilisers, weedicides, pesticides, etc.

Question 20. From the word puzzle given as Fig. 1.1 find atleast eight words which are ‘farmer’s friends.’ Classify them into living and non living.

Science Class 8 Chapter 1 Exemplar

Answer 20

Living : Seed, Earthworm, Rhizobium, Microbes, Ox

Non living: Plough, Urea, NPK, Manure, Hoe

Question 21. (a) Name the tool used with a tractor for sowing seeds in a field.

Answer 21 (a)

Seed Drill is the tool.

(b) What are the advantages of using this tool?

Answer 21 (b)

The advantages are,

seeds are sown at a uniform distance and depth; to avoid over crowding.
after sowing, seeds are covered by soil which prevent them from being eaten by the birds.
It saves time and labour.

Question 22. (a) Name the practice followed for large scale rearing of farm animals.

Answer 22 (a)

Animal husbandry is the practice followed for large scale rearing of farm animals.

(b) What facilities are provided to farm animals?

Answer 22 (b)

Farm animals are provided with care, shelter and proper food.

Question 23. Clasify the following crops into Khariff and Rabi crops and write in the tabular column given below:

Maize, paddy, mustard, pea, gram, wheat, groundnut, cotton.

Answer 23

Science Class 8 Chapter 1 Exemplar

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question 24. Despite favourable climatic conditions, a farmer’s crop failed to give good yield. Give the possible reasons for this.

Answer 24

Good quality seeds were not used.
The field was not well irrigated.
Manures/fertilisers were not properly applied.
Weeds were not removed. More reasons can be added to the list.

Question 25. As a part of eco-club activity students were asked to raise a kitchen garden in the school premises. They were provided with some materials given in the box. List the other materials you would require. How will you plan the garden? Write the steps.

khurpi, water-can, spade, shovel

Note: You have been asked to use only environment friendly materials.

Answer 25

The following items are required – seeds and seedlings of vegetable plants from nursery, kitchen waste, water.

Steps for raising the garden:

Kitchen waste will be collected and composted in a pit.
A patch of land will be identified for the garden.
Soil will be dug up and levelled with the help of a spade.
Sowing of seeds / transplanting of seedlings.
Select seeds/seedlings as per the season. Water the plants regularly with a water-can.
Compost will be applied.
Weeds will be removed periodically with the help of Khurpi tool.

Question 26. Paddy is a major cereal crop in our country.

(a) In which season is paddy cultivated?

Answer 26 (a)
Paddy is cultivated in Rainy season.

(b) Discuss the method of sowing.

Answer 26 (b)

In the method of sowing first seeds are grown in a nursery and later seedlings are transplanted in the field.

Answer 26 (c)

Grains are sun dried to reduce the moisture content and later stored in jute bags or grain silos.

Question 27. Unscramble the words related to crop production and its management and write in the boxes given beneath them.

Science Class 8 Chapter 1 Exemplar

Answer 27

(i) SILOS

(ii) THRESHING

(iii)IRRIGATION

(iv) RIVER

Activity carried out in fields after maturation of crop-Harvesting

Now, using the circled letters, form one word which is an activity carried out in fields, after maturation of crops.

Question 28. Given below is a conversation between two farmers Heera and Beera.

Heera : Brother Beera, your maize crops looks beautiful! They have grown pretty fast.

Beera : Yes, I have sprayed urea this time. What about you?

Heera : Well, I am still relying on good old cow dung. I am saving money for buying a tractor.

Beera : That’s good. Tractor saves a lot of time and labour.

Heera : Yes, it’s been very labour intensive for me and now these weeds have come up.

Beera : Try weedicides, they are very effective.

Now answer the following questions.

List the practices which are not environment friendly and why?

Answer 28 (i)

Use of fertilisers and weedicides; as they are hazardous to the environment. And, use of tractor causes air pollution.

What is the advantage of modern agriculture implements over traditional ones?

Answer 28 (ii)

Compared to traditional equipments modern equipments saves both labour and time.

Name one weedicide and the precaution farmers must take during its application.

Answer 28 (iii)

An example of a weedicide is 2, 4–D. While spraying weedicide farmers should cover their mouth and nose as they can cause health hazards.

Question 29. For discussion

Despite being one of the growing economies, our country still has a large section of population going hungry and malnourished. Do you think an efficient crop production mechanism is the only solution to this? Discuss in the class what else needs to be done to root out hunger and malnutrition from our country.

Answer 29

Students may come up with practical solutions during the course of discussion.

Question 30. Terms related to agricultural practice are given below. Rearrange them in the correct sequence.

harvesting, sowing, manuring, tilling and ploughing, irrigation, de-weeding.

Answer 30

Tilling and ploughing, sowing, manuring, irrigation, de - weeding, harvesting.