Chapter 16: Garbage in, Garbage out

Science

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  Chapter 16: Garbage in, Garbage out

  Class: VI

  Exemplar Solutions

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1

The method of preparing compost with the help of earthworms is called

 

(a) composting  (b) vermin-composting

(c) manuring    (d) decomposing

Answer 1

(b)

Question 2

If you dump kitchen waste in a pit, it may, after sometime

 

(a) convert into compost.

(b) convert into vermin-compost.

(c) remain as such.

(d) remain forever in its dried form.

Answer 2

(a)

Question 3

Which of the following activities does not reflect responsible behavior with regard to waste disposal?

 

(a) Goods carried in paper bags or cloth bags.

(b) Waste collected in polythene bags for disposal.

(c) Waste separated into those that degrade and those that do not.

(d) Making handicrafts with used up notebooks.

Answer 3

(b)

Question 4

Paheli gave the following ill effects of the practice of burning dried leaves and other plant parts

 

(i)  Burning degrades the soil.

(ii) Burning produces harmful gases/fumes.

(iii)Precious raw materials to obtain manure at low cost is lost.

(iv)Lot of heat is generated unnecessarily.

 

The correct reasons of why we should not burn leaves are

 

(a) i, ii and iv only

(b) i, ii, iii, and iv

(c) ii and iii only

(d) ii, iii, and iv only

Answer 4

(b)

Question 5

A garbage collector separate items mentioned below in the garbage into red, green and blue containers for their transfer to landfill, composting pit, and recycling unit respectively.

 

Items:

 

(i) Plastic bags

(ii) Newspaper and journals

(iii) Screw and nuts

(iv) Vegetable peels

(v) Metal chips

(vi) Egg shells

 

Which item were transferred to which bin?

 

RED  GREEN  BLUE

 

(a) (i) and (iv)    (ii) and (iii)  (v) and (vi)

(b) (i) and (iii)    (ii) and (v)  (iv) and (vi)

(c) (i), (iii) and (v)  (iv) and (vi)  (ii) only

(d) (i) and (v)    (ii) and (iv)  (iii) only

Answer 5

(c)

 

Question 6

The steps required for conversion of kitchen garbage into manure are given below in a jumbled form.

 

(i) Put garbage in a pit

(ii) Cover the bottom of the pit with sand

(iii) Cover the pit loosely with a gunny bag or grass

(iv) Add worms

 

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of the above steps?

 

(a) (ii); (i); (iii); (iv)  (b) (i); (ii); (iii); (iv)

(c) (ii); (iv); (i); (iii)  (d) (iv); (i); (ii); (iii)

Answer 6

(a)

 

Very Short Answer Questions

Question 7

Read the items mentioned in Columns I and II and fill in the related process in the Column III

 

 

 

 

Answer 7

 

(i) vermin-composting

(ii) garbage disposal/landfill

(iii) recycle

 

Question 8

 

Correct the definitions of certain terms given below by changing only one word.

(i) Compost: Substances converted into manure for use in industries.

(ii) Landfill: Garbage buried under water in an area.

(iii) Recycling: Reuse of unused material in the same or another form.

 

 

Answer 8

 

(i) replace industries by fields or agricultural fields

(ii) change water and write soil

(iii) substitute unused by used

 

Question 9

 

Provide the suitable term that expresses the meaning of each of the following statements.

 

(a) Greeting cards made from newspaper.

(b) Contents of the waste bins.

(c) Worms converting certain kinds of waste into manure.

(d) An area where a lot of garbage is collected, spread out and covered with soil.

 

Answer 9

 

(a) Recycling  (b) Garbage

(c) Vermin-composting  (d) Landfill

 

 

Short Answer Questions

 

Question 10

 

To what use can you put the following kinds of garbage and how?

 

(i) rotting smelly garbage

(ii) dry leaves collected in a garbage

(iii) old newspapers

 

Answer 10

 

(i) Convert into compost.

(ii) Use as manure.

(iii) Recycle to make paper bags or paper pulp for handicrafts.

 

Question 11

 

Paheli was writing a letter to her friend. She crumpled and threw the first draft of her letter on the floor as it had become untidy. Similarly she crumpled and threw 6 more papers on the ground. In the end, she picked them up and put them in a polythene bag and threw it on the road outside her house. Do you think Paheli’s action were responsible? What would you have done if you were in her place?

 

Answer 11

 

No. Use the paper for doing rough work or convert it into paper pulp to make a handicraft item.

 

 

Question 12

 

Read the poem written below and then answer the questions from the information gathered from the book or elsewhere.

 

 

 

 

 

(i) Name the two kinds of waste that need to be separated from each other in two different waste bins.

 

(ii) Name two items of waste each that need to be sent to a

 

(a) landfill, (b) for composting.

 

Answer 12

 

(i) The waste that can be acted upon by bacteria or earthworms from those that cannot be degraded.

(ii)  (a) any metal items

(iii) (b) Kitchen waste, animal dung (or named item)

 

Question 13

 

Beera, a farmer would clear his field everyday, and burn dry leaves fallen on the ground. After sometime he found that those living in huts near his field were suffering from cough and breathing problems.

 

(i) Can you explain why?

(ii) Also suggest an environment friendly way to dispose the dry leaves.

 

Answer 13

 

(i) Fumes and gases from burning materials cause cough and breathing problem

(ii) Dry leaves can be used for making manure.

 

 

Long Answer Questions

 

Question 14

 

Put a tick (Ö) against the garbage items given in Table 16.1 which could be converted into manure. Put a cross (×) against the others.

 

 

 

Table 16.1

 

Answer 14

 

Tick (Ö) against i, ii, iii, viii, x

Cross (×) against iv, v, vi, vii, ix

 

Question 15

 

The pie charts A and B shown in Fig. 16.1 are based on waste segregation method adopted by two families X and Y respectively.

 

 

 

 

Fig.16.1

 

Which of the two families X or Y do you think is more environmentally conscious and why?

 

Answer 15

 

X because the kitchen waste and polythene bags are disposed of separately.

 

 

 

 

 

Question 16

 

Given below are steps in vermin-composting and each step has been given an alphabet. Rearrange the steps in the correct sequence and write the alphabets on the chart provided. One step is done for you.

 

F Dig a pit in a suitable place in your garden.

C Spread sand on the floor of the pit.

E Add vegetable peels and fruits waste in the pit.

A Sprinkle water to keep it moist.

D Place red worms in the pit.

B Cover with a gunny bag or grass.

 

Step 1 - F

2 -

3 -

4 -

5 -

6 –

 

Answer 16

 

Step 1 = F, 2 = C, 3 = E, 4 = B, 5 = A, 6 = D

 

Question 17

 

Write 3 sentences on what comes to your mind when you chance to see the following.

 

(a) A rag picker.

(b) A cow eating a polythene bag.

(c) Foul odor emanating from garbage at the entrance of your house.

 

Answer 17

 

1. (i) Poor people or poverty

(ii) Removing the garbage generated by others.

(iii) Exposing himself to harmful substances.

(iv) Sorting out the recyclable waste.

 

1. (i) Exposing cow to hazardous material.

(ii) Possibility of polythene choking the animal to death.

(iii) Incorrect/improper disposal of polythene by us.

 

1. (i) Large quantity of waste generated.

(ii) Expecting others to clear the waste generated by us.

(iii) Unhealthy surrounding

(iv) Unpleasant sight

Question 18

 

Beautiful hand crafted articles like boxes and toys are made of paper pulp in our country. Can you explain how paper pulp which is made from paper can be used to make hard boxes and other articles?

 

Answer 18

 

Take help of elders or use internet.

 

Question 19

 

Recently, a ban on plastic bags has been imposed in many places? Is the ban justified? Give reasons in three sentences.

 

Answer 19

 

Give your justification according to your stand if you are for or against the ban.

 

Question 20

 

Why should we not burn plastic items?

 

Answer 20

 

(a) They do not burn easily.

(b) The burnt pieces may be eaten by cows and choke them.

(c) The gases emanated prove to be a health hazard for humans.

(d) The ashes left on burning are toxic.

(e) Adds to soil pollution.

 

Question 21

 

What happens when

 

(a) Cooking medium is made to flow down a drain.

(b) Insecticides, motor oil, paints are poured down the drain.

(c) Tea leaves, cotton swabs and old soft toys are thrown into the drain.

 

Answer 21

 

(a) Clog pores in soil and may block pipes.

(b) Kill useful microbes which help purify water.

(c) Choke the drains.

 

Question 22

 

Answer the following questions in one or two words or sentences:

 

(a) Why should we prefer to use paper bags rather than polythene bags?

(b) Who, out of the following should properly dispose of the garbage – father, mother, elder brother, younger sister?

(c) Which one out of beetles, roundworm and earthworm are used for vermin-composting and why?

 

Answer 22

 

(a) Paper can be recycled, polythene bags do not degrade.

(b) Every member should do it.

(c) Earthworms. They convert waste from plants and animals or their product into compost.